goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland that is not associated with inflammation or cancer. A simple goiter begins when the thyroid gland is not able to produce enough thyroid hormone to meet the needs of the body. This is called hypothyroidism. Symptoms often include tenderness to the touch, pressure against the esophagus, coughing or wheezing, hoarseness, shortness of breath, choking or shortness of breath at night, weight gain, depression, fatigue, or a feeling that food is getting stuck in the throat.

Thyroid nodules are very common. A nodule is a swelling or lump, which can be a solid or liquid filled cyst or mass. Most are benign (around 90%), but a small percentage can be malignant. Symptoms of thyroid nodules include palpitations, insomnia, weight loss, anxiety, and tremors. These are common in hyperthyroidism.

The thyroid can grow to be quite large so that it is visible in the neck. Many factors may contribute to the thyroid enlargement, but the main cause seems to be due to an increase in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH comes from the pituitary gland and over a number of years, causes the thyroid to enlarge. Another cause of goiters is a diet deficient in iodine, although this is rare today due to the availability of iodine in our foods.

Goiters are often removed surgically when the glands are enlarged enough to affect breathing and swallowing, or if there are indications of malignancy, however, the incidence of malignancy is usually less than 5%, and for cosmetic reasons.

Thyroid cells are the only ones in the body capable of absorbing iodine, an important mineral nutrient and potent germ killer. We know from clinical study that few people have anywhere near enough iodine in their body for the thyroid to function optimally.
Lugol's Iodine, first developed in 1829, is an effective bactericide and fungicide, consisting of 10 parts potassium iodide to 5 parts iodine to 85 parts of (distilled) water, and may help the body replenish its supply of this necessary nutrient.
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